Effect of down-regulation of X-box binding protein 1 gene expression on viability and apoptosis of glioma cells / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM:To investigate the effect of down-regulation of X-box binding protein 1(XBP1)expression on the viability and apoptosis of glioma cells.METHODS:The mRNA expression of XBP1 in the glioma tissues was de-tected by qPCR.Small interfering RNA(siRNA)interfering with XBP1 expression(XBP1-siRNA)was transfected into human brain glioma U251 cells.At the same time,control group(the cells without special treatment)and negative control (NC-siRNA)group(transfected with siRNA without any interference)were set up.The mRNA expression of XBP1 in the 3 groups 48 h after transfection was detected by qPCR.The protein levels of XBP1, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA),B-cell lymphoma/leukemia-2(Bcl-2),Bcl-2-associated X protein(Bax),cyclin D1(cyclin D1), phosphati-dylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)and phosphorylated Akt(p-Akt)were determined by Western blot.The cell viability was measured by CCK-8 assay.The cell cycle distribution and apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry.RESULTS:The ex-pression level of XBP1 in the glioma tissues was significantly higher than that in the tumor adjacent tissues(P<0.05). The XBP1 expression at mRNA and protein levels was significantly decreased in the cells transfected with XBP1-siRNA(P<0.05).No statistically significant difference of the cell viability, cell cycle, apoptotic rate and the protein levels of PCNA,Bcl-2,Bax,cyclin D1,PI3K and p-Akt between NC-siRNA group and control group was observed.Compared with control group,the cell viability, S-phase cells and the protein levels of PCNA, Bcl-2, cyclin D1, PI3K, and p-Akt in XBP1-siRNA group were decreased significantly, and the apoptotic rate, G0/G1-phase cells and Bax protein expression were significantly increased(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Down-regulation of XBP1 gene expression in brain glioma cells reduces the viability of cancer cells,blocks the cells in G1phase and promote apoptosis.The mechanism is related to the inhibition of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.

Clinical analysis of factors affecting colorectal adenoma recurrence after endoscopic resection / 复旦学报（医学版）

Objective To analyze the factors that might affect the recurrence after endoscopic resection of colorectal adenoma,we aim to provide a reference for the regular follow-up of colorectal adenoma after endoscopic resection.Methods In the Department of Gastroenterology,Huadong Hospital from Jan.,2013 to Dec.,2014,patients received endoscopic resection during hospital stay and postoperative follow-up colonoscopy.We collected their information of gender,age,smoking history,drinking history,hypertension,diabetes,fatty liver,cholecystectomy history,Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori) infection,related metabolic indicators,number of adenoma,size of adenoma,location of adenoma and pathology of adenoma.Multivariate and univariate analysis were performed by Logistic regression analysis to explore factors influencing the recurrence risk of colorectal adenoma.Results A total of 283 cases were enrolled.The recurrence rate of low-risk and high-risk adenoma was 39.3 ％ and 56.3 ％,respectively,and therate of all adenoma was 52.7％.Multivariate and univariate analysis both found that H.pylori infection (P＜0.001,OR:3.316 and 2.802,95％CI:1.869-5.884 and 1.660-4.728) and adenoma number (P＜0.001,OR:2.799 and 2.789,95％ CI:1.578-4.963 and 1.667-4.668) were risk factors for colorectal adenoma recurrence after endoscopic excision.Conclusions H.pylori infection and the number of base colorectal adenoma maybe associated with colorectal adenoma recurrence.

Research Progress on Role of Flow Cytometry in Diagnosis of Multiple Myeloma -Review / 中国实验血液学杂志

Multiple myeloma (MM), the second common malignant tumor in the blood system, is a kind of B cell malignancy and its prognosis is poor. The diagnosis of MM is mainly based on the number of abnormal plasma cells and the presence of monoclonal protein in the blood or urine, but there are limitations for diagnosis of MM. Multi-parameter flow cytometry analysis is increasingly used in the in the diagnosis of MM. Therefore, this review focuses on characteristics of immunophenotypes of malignant plasma cells and myeloma progenitor cells.

Oxi-inflamm-aging and its association with the polymorphism of ApoE genes / 生理学报

The lifelong exposure of antigens and stressors results in chronic oxidative stress situation in the organism. The free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) with high reactivity produced by our cells under oxidative stress will cause oxidative damage in biomolecules. The oxidative damage leads to the releases of both damage-associated-molecular patterns (DAMPs) and intracellular cytokines. DAMPs activate pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs) and non-PRRs. Intracellular cytokines activate signalling pathways downstream of PRRs. Activation of these receptors results in the upregulation of cytokines and chemokines, which are released to recruit and activate additional inflammatory cells and cause the systemic and chronic sterile inflammation. The regulatory system, especially immune systems play an important role in homeostasis maintenance in the organism. The cells of immune systems are very vulnerable to oxidative damage. Once the homeostasis is destroyed, an imbalance between inflammatory and anti-inflammatory networks will occur. Genetic factor also is an important factor of oxi-inflamm-aging and age-related diseases. Many genes are involved in oxidative stress, inflammation process, and the genomic variations within most of these genes might produce different effects on oxi-inflamm-aging. The polymorphism of ApoE genes can affect the antioxidant and immunomodulatory/anti-inflammatory properties of the organism. ApoE genotype-phenotype is associated with the progress and prognosis of oxi-inflamm-aging, age-related diseases as well. Anti-inflammation together with regulation of the expression of ApoE might be an efficient method against oxi-inflamm-aging. Based on our previous studies, the progresses in these areas are reviewed.

The application of psychometric measures in diagnosis of minimal hepatic encephalopathy / 中华消化杂志

Objective To establish the normal parameters of psychometric measures such as the number connection tests A(NCT-A)and digit symbol tests(DST)in assessment of minimal hepatic en- cephalopathy(MHE).Methods One hundred and sixty healthy volunteers(aged 25 to 64 years;educa- tional level＞9 years)were divided into＜35 ys,35～44 ys,45～54 ys and 55～64 ys groups.All of the healthy volunteers were assessed with NCT-A and DST to establish the normal value of age-related parameters,which can be used for diagnosis of MHE in patients with liver cirrhosis.Two standard devi- ation of the normal mean was used as a diagnostic criterion for MHE.One hundred and six cirrhotic patients were assessed with these parameters.Results The parameters of NCT-A were(25.1?4.6) sec in＜35 ys group,(32.1?6.8) sec in 35～44 ys group,(38.6?7.1)sec in 45～54 ys group or (49.3?6.3)sec in 55～64 ys group.The scores of DST were 49.9?4.7 in＜35 ys group,44.6?4.8 in 35～44 ys group,38.5?5.0 in 45～54 ys group or 35.4?4.7 in 55～64 ys group.Thirty one out of 106 cirrhotic patients were diagnosed as MHE based on these parameters.Conclusion The NCT- A and DST are psychometric assessments for diagnosis of MHE.Age-based normal paramerters of NCT- A and DST are needed to be established.